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Retractable needle safety syringes are one of the most popular and best-selling devices that have made their mark in the world of medical science. They are specially designed for injection purposes. The needle is inserted into the upper end of the syringe to bring the medicine or liquid to the desired region. These syringes have gained enormous popularity because of their easy to use, universal applicability, and rapid effects. One of the major advantages of retractable needle safety syringes is their universal acceptability.

While a majority of regional analysis and field surveys indicate widespread usage around the world, only a small percentage of global safety market players have yet developed a comprehensive package of products that can meet the needs of the changing patient population. However, as new technologies such as retractable needle safety syringes emerge and address common patient concerns, the market will continue to grow in size and offer more choices to pharmaceutical companies. Needle safety syringes feature an innovative design that is very safe to use. They are made out of durable rubber and feature two curved needle holes, one at the top for drawing the fluid and the other one at the bottom for dispensing the same.

In a recent study, a team of scientists at the Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A * STAR) at Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, discovered the role of proteins in detecting the common cold virus and initiating immune responses against infection.

In a recent study published in Science, they showed that the NLRP1 protein found in the skin and respiratory tract is a sensor for detecting human rhinovirus (HRV). When NLRP1 breaks through the respiratory tract, it triggers an immune response that causes inflammation of the lungs and causes symptoms of the common cold.

HRV is a major cause of common colds and acute respiratory diseases in children and adults, and in severe cases leads to bronchitis and pneumonia.

The team stated that discovering the purpose of NLRP1 may lead to new treatments for common cold symptoms, an infection that affects millions of people each year. They plan to work with clinicians to develop drugs that “turn off” or block NLRP1 to reduce the severity of HRV related disease symptoms. However, the team pointed out that blocking NLRP1 protein in human lung cells did not increase viral load.

“Now, we know that NLRP1 is the ‘switch’ of inflammation after the detection of the common cold virus, and the next step is to figure out how to prevent its activation and minimize the triggered inflammatory response,” said assistant professor Fulin Zhong, author of the article.

Professor Zhong said their new insights into the function of the immune system could help scientists develop more effective therapies to treat other inflammatory diseases of the human respiratory tract.

“This work represents a major advance in our understanding of how the immune system uses specialized proteins to sense and defend against viral pathogens,” he said. “This knowledge will be useful in designing treatments for viral diseases including influenza and COVID-19.”

NLRP1 has been known to scientists for many years, but its exact purpose is unknown. It is a member of a family of proteins called “NLR” proteins that are sensors in the immune system that trigger the body’s response to invading pathogens.

When the team began their study in 2017, they hypothesized that NLRP1 could act as a sensor for viruses because it is highly abundant in human skin and lungs, which are usually exposed to surfaces of viral pathogens.

The team screened NLRP1 against several viruses to see if it would trigger activation of the protein. After months of testing, they observed that an enzyme produced by HRV called 3Cpro activated NLRP1 in human respiratory cells.

They found that the 3Cpro enzyme cleaves NLRP1 at specific points, triggering some form of inflammatory “cell death”, an important process for rapid clearance of pathogens such as HRV during infection.

Surgical tourniquets are one of the most common operations that a surgeon performs. It involves the use of a tournier, which is a short, curved piece of metal that is used to cover or tie off the wound. The surgeon then uses small scissors to amputate the tendons and ligaments as well as the blood vessels from the wound. The main purpose of this surgery is to relieve pain and reduce swelling, which will help you return to your daily activities much faster than if you had not been operated on. Surgical tourniquet allow the surgeons to perform an increased amount of work in a less invasive way by allowing the wounds to heal without the need for excessive blood transfusions, the use of antibiotics to reduce infection, and the shortening or complete removal of the lymph nodes through coagulation therapy.

Surgical tourniquets are the only device that offers the safe, effective, and comfortable management of post-surgical blood loss, acute trauma, and spinal cord injuries, after cardiopulmonary resuscitation or acute coronary syndromes after a pulmonary artery or heart arrest. They provide significant improvement in patient outcomes, reducing pain, swelling and blood loss/dryness, post-operative weight loss, and mortality. Surgical tournaments have achieved recognition as an advanced life-saving surgical method, used in virtually all areas of medicine. Surgical tourniquets are now routinely conducted for selected operative indications where alternative methods have failed.